Compare Waterfall and Agile in the context of Last Mega Goal.

• A. They are the same approach
• B. Waterfall is iterative; Agile is sequential
• C. Waterfall is sequential with fixed scope; Agile is iterative and flexible
• D. Waterfall is flexible; Agile uses fixed milestones

Answer: (C)

How Waterfall and Agile handle scope and change. Waterfall follows a linear, phase-by-phase path: you gather requirements, design, build, test, and deploy in order, completing each stage before moving to the next. Because the plan is laid out upfront, the scope is treated as fixed, and significant changes later in the process can be costly or disruptive. Agile, by contrast, works in short iterations where a working product is delivered frequently and requirements can be refined as you go. This makes Agile iterative and flexible, allowing priorities to shift and scope to adapt based on feedback and learning.

So the best description is that Waterfall is sequential with fixed scope, while Agile is iterative and flexible. The other options miss the contrast: Waterfall and Agile aren’t the same approach; the directions are reversed in the second choice, and the idea that Waterfall is flexible or that Agile relies on fixed milestones oversimplifies and misstates how these methods manage change and delivery.